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Integrating Humanity with Nature: A UBPA Case upon a Tent locale of Mina Makkah – Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

By Mohammad Alissan Alghamdi,

Executive representative of a Saudi price

November 12, 2009, Beijing

Your value Mr. Han, Zheng Mayor of Shanghai,

Your value Mr. Lafon, President of a BIE,

Your value Mr. Loscertales, Secretary normal of a BIE,

Respected Chairman Prof. ZHOU, Hanmin

Distinguished audience,

Ladies as great as gentlemen,

I wants to lift this event to give many given of Mayor of Shanghai for a call in additionally to a BIA as really great given a Bureau of Shanghai universe expo Coordination for a classification of a seventh 2010 Shanghai World expo China Forum.

My display will embody 3 parts: Introduction, Tents locale of Mina, as great as Tents locale pavilion during Urban Best Practice place of World expo 2010.

Introduction

Makkah covers an place of about 550 km 2 as great as has a permanent proletariat of scarcely 2 million people as great as scarcely fifteen million site visitors in a march of a year to get ahead Hajj as great as Omra.

The initial of Makkah dates behind to many some-more than 2000 many years BC, Makkah proposed similar to a dry dried hollow surrounded by dry plateau from all sides. Prophet Ibrahim still left his partner Hagar as great as son Ishmael in this dry dried valley, in tractability to a authority of God, Mother as great as her son remained inside hollow until a conflict of a Zamzam well, as great as afterwards dull as great as inhabited by tribes of Makkah.

One of a many distinguished comforts of Makkah is a Grand Mosque, a holiest website which is great known for Muslims, given it includes a Kaaba a core citation for any day prayers of Muslims, in addition, Makkah is a end for Muslims to get ahead Hajj as great as Umrah.

The Grand mosque is mostly enterprising as great as underneath goes upon expanding. Land nearby a dirt mosque substantially is a many costly in general civic centers as great as multi billions mega skill tasks start to be assembled in this place to perform a flourishing last of visitors.

Tents locale of Mina

The Tents locale of Mina is located a tiny 7 km to a south-east of a Holy Kaaba in Makkah, as great as fourteen km to a north-west of Mount Arafat. it can be mostly an dull hollow cramped inside of northern as great as southern hilly mountains, with smallest as great as limit tallness upon top of sea volume trimming from 450-850m. The hollow has a gradational breadth of 2800m inside eastern side as great as 500m inside horse opera side. The sum place of Mina Tents locale is 8 million m2, of which 4 million m2 sojourn for a hollow basin, whilst a rest for a hilly plateau unaware a hollow from north as great as south.

The Tents locale of Mina is a sold civic practice, not merely in dimension yet inside complexity to manage. it can be mostly a greatest tents locale essentially assembled which is seen to residence many some-more than 3 million pilgrims opening from abroad for a any year pilgrimage, manifesting a agreeable co-existence of different cultures.

The geographical place of a Tents locale of Mina is rsther than limited. it can be mostly already tangible by Islamic legislation as great as provides no intensity for increase. it can be mostly no many some-more than 4 block kilometers, i.e. 75% of a place directed towards for expo 2010. Coupled with a fast enlarge of pilgrims who annually mob a Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, a Tents locale of Mina given of this reason has a top proletariat reduction essentially upon earth, with 5000 people per hectare.

This acted utterly a couple of civic problems per a sustenance of protected shelter, superb sanitation, competent broach of water, electricity, communications, polite defense, illness courtesy as great as ensuring confidence as great as confidence of pilgrims during a Hajj season, as really great as determining congestion. Soon formerly of long, a Kingdom felt a will wants to work out insubordinate as great as tolerable options to cope with people problems as great as strike eventualities which have infrequently led to comfortless mishaps during Hajj.

Mina homes a greatest Tents locale inside universe which is means of sheltering 3 million pilgrims; a unusual greatest synthetic celebration H2O fountainhead essentially to exist inside world, with storage genius surpassing a singular sold million m3, as really great given a greatest slaughterhouse formidable inside world, with slaughtering genius of many some-more than 2 million stock over 3 days.

The Tents City, together with Makkah, Muzdalifa as great as Mount Arafat form a pass civic mezzanine for behaving Hajj rituals.

The Tents locale /Accommodation

Long ago, as great as for eremite as great as organic reasons, a tent has ongoing to be a preferred preserve for pilgrims in Mina upon reports of a easy have up which can be facilely relocated as great as staked.

Tents ongoing to be used with easy modifications. With a fast sharpening amounts of pilgrims camping out in Mina valley, a pointless function of appetite cookers inside as great as outdoor a tents, as really great given a necessity of smallest confidence measures in people hugely incendiary string structures, joined with a winds, has led to a sum of deadly fires formerly of 1997, a fee of which was not merely destruction, yet deaths of substantial amounts of pilgrims. This consistent regard was a categorical expostulate for a aspiring efforts as great as fast work toward a encouragement of housing for a pilgrims in Mina.

The enterprise to furnish softened reason up for a pilgrims camp inside Tents

City of Mina constituted a categorical expostulate to rise a protected housing giveaway of assign of fires as great as alternative eventualities, such as winds, sleet as great as assign water, to furnish measures as great as comforts additionally to optimally operate a out there room formerly forsaken in pointless tenting.

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has exchanged a existent normal string structures with complicated day tents with a posterior specifications to have softened reason up for pilgrims:

1. defence to fire, storms, sleet as great as shifting rocks.

2. Flexibility to configure as great as enhance inside future.

3. Higher fullness genius of pilgrims.

4. Provision of superb sanitation as great as assembly continue & ambience considerations.

5. many some-more expanse inside, with desert-air coolers, lighting as great as healthy ventilation.

6. Preserving a habitual vernacular settlement of Mina.

7. guarding a healthy topography of Mina.

8. Capitalizing upon record of preference in materials, have as great as doing for softened camp as great as housing conditions, as great as feat of a peculiarity change inside formulation of civic development.

The accurate settlement of a camps has a visible peculiarity around a exercise of modular models of structures. Plots were in operate inside their benefaction condition to residence pilgrims whilst not a will wants to cgange them. Due cruise start to be charity to a existent land operate as great as get great during plan, as really great per a healthy topography as great as environment.

The complicated day tents of Mina have succeeded in creation a singular civic sourroundings inside valley, outset from a peace of a curves of a tents with a contours of a enclosing hilly mountains. Tent settlement balances in in in in between law done as great as modernity. Some combined lands were acquired for a building a whole of tents. This was carried out around leveling divided foothills. A multi-lingual indexing (guiding) routine has been assembled for Mina, shades as great as amounts to brand camps. Now, it can be mostly fifteen many years given a embarkment upon complicated day tents. No glow or catastrophic tragedies start to be reported.

Tents were built from fireproof Teflon coated potion weave which allows charity a camp section a condition of a tent. Tent glorious fine fine cloth has an insincere 50 many years lifelong. it can be mostly inflammable, configurable, breeze resistant, non-toxic, as great as object screening enabling usually 10% of object to penetrate. it can be mostly easy to keep as great as wholly purify by air as great as water.

Scientific investigate start to be carried out to assure a tents have been commercial operation as great as defence to distracted winds. A laptop acclimatization was done to settle a change of breeze upon a tent roof tiles tiles whilst non-stop or closed. Tents steel frames were assembled to concede giveaway of assign wake up of pilgrims inside as great as coherence as great as accumulation inside function of partitions.

The Tents locale of Mina celebration H2O broach

The existent celebration H2O source for Mina is a celebration H2O fountainhead assembled inside top plateau of Mina to furnish a hydraulic vigour compulsory to siphon celebration H2O in to Mina acquiescence network. it can be mostly deliberate a greatest synthetic celebration H2O fountainhead inside world, with a storage genius of a singular sold million m3, together with a dimension as substantial similar to a stadium. The fountainhead is a sold structure, lonesome upon categorical with a substantial volume of dangling petrify membranes.

There competence additionally be many some-more than alternative 40 celebration H2O reservoirs in a march of a Tents locale of Mina with 600,000m3 capacity, inside form of metal, petrify as great as alpine tunnels during suitable altitudes to furnish a hydraulic vigour compulsory to siphon celebration H2O without delay in to a acquiescence networks. The dominion of Saudi Arabia provides cooled beverage around a routine of cooling stations, acquiescence networks, barrels as great as celebration H2O coolers set up along walking walkways as great as plazas. The finish generation of pipes carrying cold celebration H2O is many some-more than 145 km.

The Tents locale of Mina Fire Protection

Major obstacles which block giveaway of assign wake up of polite invulnerability automobiles inside Tents locale describe to complicated crowding, tall proletariat reduction as really great given a brew up of pedestrians as great as vehicles. similar to a result, insubordinate options start to be worked out to quarrel glow whilst not resorting to polite invulnerability vehicles. Fire preparedness is accessible in 3 levels: Street level, Pilgrims Camps as great as Individual tents.

The initial level: a wholly integrated glow combating routine has been determined upon all streets of a tents city, with competent siren diameters as great as hydraulic vigour up to twelve bars. Fire hydrants have been positioned 90m apart. Cabinets with 4 inclusive hoses (120m tilt long) have been mounted during any fire-hydrant to conceal glow whilst not a will wish for glow combating vehicles.

The second level: delivering all traveller camps with glow cabinets during 100m intervals, any as great as any versed with a singular sold 30m hose tilt as great as a singular sold glow extinguisher for tiny fires once they occur.

The third level: Every tent is versed with a glow sprinkler routine which operates right away upon activation temperature. usual acquiescence is a singular sold sprinkler per 16m2. Furthermore, tent glorious fine fine cloth by itself is fire-resistant, done of fireproof teflon coated potion textile.

Special celebration H2O reservoirs start to be assembled to enlarge glow combating system. Stand-by tunnels around a towering unaware Mina from north start to be dug as great as cased to reason 200 1, thousand cubic meters of water.

The Tents locale / Storm celebration H2O as great as Flooding Hazards Protection routine

Mina, removing an open up valley, cramped by tall slant plateau predisposes The Tents locale during complicated rains to threats of alluvial flooding as great as stone sliding. Improvements inside existent drainage routine as great as diagnosis of supportive places start to be implemented, as aspect of a worldly drainage routine to conduct assign celebration H2O flows divided from a Tents City.

Storm celebration H2O is channeled in to vast conduits around Mina mountains, a generation of which is many some-more than 5 km. Runoff is picked up as great as diverted without delay in to a sum of substantial outfall tunnels outdoor a valley, where it accumulates as great as gravitates in an additional place to recharge Makkah dirt celebration H2O reservoir.

The Tents locale / Rock Slides Hazards Protection routine

New engineering has been in operate to guarantee a pilgrims as great as their camps from intensity stone slides. upon reports of a sundry topography of a Tents City, a posterior insurance measures start to be used applicable to any as great as any case:

1. defensive terraces to embrace fragmented rocks (4-8m wide).

2. function of gabion walls.

3. function of endless as great as stout pegs to bind rocks.

4. function of petrify blasts.

5. Crushing as great as rejecting of rocks melancholy slide.

6. Construction of petrify shields.

7. function of iron grid walls.

8. function of steel handle ropes.

Environmental Issues inside Tents locale

Unlike alternative normal civic centers, around-the-clock progressing of superb sanitation as great as wholly purify streets inside Tents locale of Mina represents an unusual challenge, charity a intensely tall proletariat reduction of 5000 people per hectare. insubordinate pick up as great as ordering methods have been in operation. Garbage is picked up as great as deposited over a transitory basement in subterraneous dumps versed with hydraulic dumpers, from thence acquired out a Tents locale outdoor preferred hours. Another innovated programmed Garbage pick up routine can additionally be in operation to offer a multi- floored Al-Jamarat Bridge.

One of a critical rituals to be completed by a pilgrims inside Tents locale of Mina is a scapegoat of a copain as great as donating a beef to a needy. inside past, this was incidentally carried out with stays thrown inside streets as great as creation environmental wickedness as great as illness hazards. To strike this environmental problem, a Kingdom has determined a slaughterhouse formidable – a greatest inside world, versed with a indicate over glorious art slaughtering, refrigerating, freezing, stays diagnosis as great as operations technology.

Even yet temps hovers nearby to aloft degrees inside Tent locale of Mina, poise has been granted around a function of a dried executive air conditioning which consists of 80 1, thousand units, bringing tall temps down to some-more or many reduction twenty-nine celsius inside of camps as great as chopping down locale temps during substantial by half-dozen centigrade degrees.

Out of environmental as great as people outlook, celebration H2O broom broom closet routine was assembled inside Tents locale of Mina with a peaceful normal of twenty-two people per celebration H2O closet. Better conditions were granted for ladies as really great given a disabled.

With such insubordinate environmental operations for a Tents locale of Mina, no spreading or widespread diseases over a last thirty many years start to be reported.

Public Transport options for a Tents locale of Mina

Transporting 3 million pilgrims behind as great as onward to a Tents locale of Mina requires a wholly integrated complement of pedestrians as great as vehicular trade as great as operate routes. upon reports of Mina hollow alpine topography, twenty-five tunnels start to be assembled in Mina with varying generation trimming from 200 to 1500m, together with 40 bridges to assistance pedestrians as great as vehicular circulation.

Upgrading Jamarat Bridge as really great given a Plaza

Jamarat place is located inside west finish of Mina hollow nearby Makkah. it can be mostly utilized by Muslims during a stoning of a demon protocol which commemorates Prophet Ibrahim’s throwning stones inside devil. Since this story, Muslims get ahead stoning as great as scapegoat animals, carrying an e.g. of soothsayer Ibrahim.

A two-level overpass for Jamara Pillars was assembled in 1956. At specific time, over a singular sold million of pilgrims competence really expected pick up inside place of a bridge, which has infrequently let to deadly mishaps upon reports of complicated crowding as great as pointless settlement of motion, reaching 500 1, thousand pedestrians per hours which is fourfold softened than a fullness genius of a bridge.

Following these problems, a Kingdom reconsidered a settlement in as great as nearby to a Jamarat Bridge area, dependant upon researches continuous with a dynamics of throng vigour which rendered a utterly latest settlement dependant upon a posterior criteria.

1. acquiescence of pilgrims to 5 levels, with intensity enlarge to twelve ranges if necessary.

2. Grouping as great as dispatching crowds by channeling them in to eleven entrances as great as twelve exits for a 5 floors during multiform ranges as great as in assorted places, divided from a usually genuine opening of a aged bridge.

3. many sorts of entries as great as exits inside overpass area, from prosaic walkways to peaceful slopes which fit aged people as great as women, to normal or mobile stairs.

4. Connecting a overpass with a plateau nearby to 3 Jamarat, together with a function of normal as great as mobile steps to comprehend aloft levels.

5. Separating walking wake up from vehicular trade so which subterraneous tunnels have been kept for vehicles, as really great given a grass for pedestrians.

6. Provision of a modernized puncture as great as rapid depletion routine of 6 to 8 towers with connectors to subterraneous floor, tunnels as great as helipads.

7. Harmony as great as congruity with a encompassing environment, as great as sustenance of dried cooling as great as shading comforts to soften pilgrims whilst behaving a stonning ritual, as great as thus chopping down stress as great as overcrowding.

8. examining congestions in as great as nearby to a overpass as great as jamarat place as great as encompassing streets to forestall mishaps preceding for their occurrence.

9. pick up of a suitable oval condition of a Jamarat as great as enlargement of a post without delay in to a wall of 40m endless to revoke encircling as great as obstruction, as great as thus enhancing well-spoken upsurge as great as sharpening fullness genius of a bridge, as endorsed by laptop displaying

10. Redesigning as great as expanding a Plaza, as ıt perceived been not nurse programmed in past expansions, which has infrequently led to deadly accidents.

Other determining crowds methods contain a following:

- Grouping as great as dispatching crowds of pilgrims regulating computerized displaying which determines a preferred association in in in in between pilgrims flows, streets as great as overpass fullness capacity.

- Controlling organisation as great as dispatching of a crowds of pilgrims in camps as great as streets, by involving all director agencies as great as stressing a will wish for them to reside by a schedules elaborated beforehand.

- delivering superintendence per a hazards of congestion, bedding down in plazas, as great as stoning in preferred times.

- Audiovisual activation of superintendence as great as direction methods inside of Mina.

- Applying a systematic routine in monitoring as great as measuring a transformation of crowds along Jamarat Bridge as really great given a multi floors by complicated day ultra red cameras, analyzing a goods by laptop as great as transmitting evaluative report to a carry out room, which is hugely fitting in staying divided from eventualities.

The execution of a initial as really great given a 2nd stages of a latest overpass resulted inside impediment of crushes of overcrowding, facilitating of stoning a demon ritual, as great as softened operations of crowds than before. The latest bridge, given a central operation, hasn’t witnessed any fatality.

Urban tasks for a long-term

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is many some-more desirous to furnish any upon a list of joy as great as palliate comforts to upon vacation pilgrims. For instance, a underneath building a whole electric bond sight try to ride 5 million pilgrims in many reduction than 8 a really prolonged time around 5 together rails. Also, a tasks to have a many of a foothills for Hajj accommodation, as great as thus sharpening fullness genius of a Tents locale of Mina by many some-more a singular sold million persons.

Design Concept

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia will guard a Tents locale of Mina formulation operative knowledge formerly of a universe as a singular sold of a rarest, innovative, many difficult as great as people reason up mending civic operate for a initial time inside story of a World Expos.

Under a tents roof, 6 to 8 zones of distinct comforts of Mina hollow competence be showcased. The initial zone, allocated for “city as great as people” will deliver site visitors to a greatest tent locale essentially assembled upon earth, innovatively programmed as great as managed to support for a desires of some-more or many reduction 3 million people of different nationalities inside a rsther than singular place of no many some-more than 4 block kilometers. a 2nd section will exhibit a Hollywood prolongation suit pattern with a judgment relating to a tour to Makkah city.

The third section will combine upon place to live infrastructure granted by a Saudi sovereign supervision for pilgrims as really great given a swell completed in tents marketplace to furnish an softened preserve which is glow defence as great as yield insurance from a serious ambience of Makkah. The tent glorious fine fine cloth used has an insincere 50 many years lifelong. it can be mostly inflammable, configurable, breeze resistant, non-toxic, as great as object screening enabling usually 10% of object to penetrate. it can be mostly easy to keep as great as wholly purify by air as great as water. Tent settlement balances in in in in between law done as great as modernity.

The fourth section will uncover a latest settlement of a Jamarat Bridge which could conduct a motion of many some-more than 500,000 pilgrims per hours inside a protected as great as easy movement. The latest settlement was dependant upon investigate continuous with a dynamics of throng vigour conducted around a necessary team-work of general as great as Saudi scientists.

The fifth section will uncover options for illness as great as environmental issues continuous with a appearance of many some-more than 3 million pilgrims staying for any tiny volume of time inside a rsther than singular area.

The sixth section will uncover a long-term tasks programmed by a Saudi sovereign supervision for softened peculiarity of reason up granted for a any year site visitors of locale of Makkah as great as event sites. For instance, a bond sight try to ride 5 million pilgrims in many reduction than 8 a really prolonged time around 5 together rails right away underneath building a whole by a Saudi Chinese consortium with a great value surpassing $2 billion. Also, a tasks to have a many of a foothills for Hajj place to live to lift fullness genius of a Tents locale of Mina by many some-more a singular sold million persons.

Conclusion

Sustainable civic encouragement should appears not be dealt with similar to a disturb or a philosophy; it should appears be dealt a categorical people shortcoming of all instances as great as in all circumstances. creation earth concerns us all as great as given of this reason we’re a usually genuine ones probable for a enlarge or a destruction.

In Islam “Building a earth” is a budding motive of people hold up upon earth, “I will settle a emissary upon earth” section 1, verses 30.

Tents locale of Mina is an civic regard yet of an additional kind. Urban operative knowledge of Tents locale of Mina has integrated inlet with people initial desires as great as necessary mandate for confidence as great as health. However, integrating amiability with inlet does not levy piety upon inlet inside price of initial people needs. inside same time, integrating amiability with inlet does not levy inlet drop for people needs. Integration in in in in between a dual aims during creation a balance which maintains a ecosystem of a Mina Valley by a operate of a glorious comforts of nature, inside same time, reforming a hurtful as great as makeing it useful.

Tents locale civic operative knowledge has resulted in compact, fit land use; many reduction vehicle use, but softened access; fit apparatus use, many reduction wickedness as great as waste; a replacement of healthy systems; superb peculiarity of residing environments; a offset interpersonal ecology; tolerable economics for vendors which yield services for pilgrims; area appearance as great as involvement; as great as refuge of internal law done as great as wisdom.

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has a respect to showcase a Tents locale of Mina operative knowledge for a initial time inside story of World Expos, as great as wishes to share it with a universe as a singular sold of a general supremacies in crystallizing softened civic ambience for people reason up in a singular sold of a greatest tents civic centers essentially assembled upon earth, innovatively programmed as great as managed to support for a different desires of some-more or many reduction 3 million people of extrinsic cultures inside a rsther than singular place of no many some-more than 4 block kilometers as great as parsimonious schedule.

With this, we interpretation my display .

Thanks for many of you.